In recent years, significant improvements have been achieved in statistical machine translation (SMT), but still even the best machine translation technology is far from replacing or even competing with human translators. Another way to increase the productivity of the translation process is computer-assisted translation (CAT) system. In a CAT system, the human translator begins to type the translation of a given source text; by typing each character the MT system interactively offers the choices to enhance and complete the translation. Human translator may continue typing or accept the whole completion or part of it. In this paper, we propose new approaches for increasing the performance of the interactive CAT. Our approaches are included a new search way and a hybrid back-off model. We could achieve 1.3% improvement by using our offered search approach.

Calcified amorphous tumor of the heart (cardiac CAT) is a rare non- neoplastic cardiac mass with unknown pathogenesis, 12 cases of which have been reported so far. This report presents a 73 year old woman with chest pain complaint continuing since last year. Workup revealed left atrium mass of posterior wall origin. The specimen was a solid calcified nodule with firm consistency and 2.5cm in diameter. Microscopic examination revealed fibrohyalinizing lesion with extensive calcium deposits, chronic inflammatory infiltration and blood elements. The lesion is diagnosed as calcified amorphous tumor of the heart.

Today technology is an integral part of professional translation; and it is generally assumed that translators’ attitudes toward translation technology tools influence their interaction with technology (Bundgaard, 2017). Therefore, the present twophase study seeks to shed some light on what translation technology tools are and how professional translators feel toward them. The research method used is exploratory in nature, as it tends to discuss issues on which little research has been done and relies on secondary research for its data. The data required for answering the first question have been mined utilizing document analysis from language service providers’ (LSPs) websites, while the data for working out the answer to the second question have been obtained from ProZ. com Quick Polls. Based on our findings, translation technology tools fall into eight broad categories, of which the most commonly used are translation memory (TM) or computer-assisted translation (CAT) tools. In addition, it was found that most translators either do not have a love-hate relationship with technology or love it. This research is envisaged to form the basis of more detailed and conclusive studies.

Catastrophe bonds are among the essential instruments in providing a financial hedge for insurance companies and their policyholders. Catastrophic events are rare, and the shortage of data turns using probability theory indefensible. On the other hand, uncertainty theory is a reliable alternative to deal with these kinds of indeterminacies. We model the problem of pricing catastrophe bonds as an uncertain optimization problem where the maximization of the cedent insurance company’s profit is constrained to the uncertain measure of ruin defined for the investors. Consequently, one could provide a tradeoff between being profitable for the ceding company and having reasonable protection for the investors. A solution to the optimization problem will be considered as the spread over the LIBOR, leading to a complete determination of the bond price. The results suggest the practicality of the model, especially the application of uncertainty theory in pricing catastrophe bonds. Finally, the uncertain ruin index is calculated for a real-world problem, and the results are compared with those obtained by probability theory.